Purpose: Food security is a critical global challenge that is influenced by research and innovation in the field. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the scientific output of developing countries in food security and examine its relationship with patents and Gross Domestic Product (GDP).Methodology: This applied research utilized the Scientometric approach. A total of 8,416 papers published between 1992-2023 in the field of food security by developing countries were included in the study using citation databases from Clarivate Analytics. Additionally, patent registrations from the WIPO database and GDP data from the World Bank were analyzed. Information was collected through note-taking, and the data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.Findings: The findings reveal an upward trend in the publication and citation of scientific outputs related to food security in developing countries. China has higher numbers of papers, patents, GDP, and food production index compared to Iran, Japan, and South Korea. There is also a positive correlation observed between population and the number of papers, gross production and the number of papers, food production and the number of published papers, as well as the number of patents and papers citing scientific outputs of countries.Conclusion: These results highlight the significant relationship between increasing scientific output, GDP, the number of patents, and food security. Greater emphasis on food security contributes to enhanced scientific output, GDP, and innovation. Similarly, increasing scientific output, GDP, and innovation positively impact food security in countries.Value: This study emphasizes the importance of scientific outputs in driving technological advancements, innovations, and ultimately, ensuring food security in developing countries.

The study of nature and importance of interpretation and hermeneutic in history, distinguishes different historic researches and shows that the science of history is a relative science and indicates to the flowing characteristics of this science. It also aids historians in a better understanding of historic subjects and the continual structure of human societies.This paper is trying to investigate and analyze the term, expression and concept of historic evolution of Hermeneutic, mutual relations between hermeneutic and the science of history and hermeneutic approaches based on opinions and comments of the most famous thinkers of the field of hermeneutic.

Various methodologies have been proposed for phenomenology as a qualitative research method. This diversity can be divided into two main approaches: descriptive phenomenology and hermeneutic phenomenology. In this article, while emphasizing the inseparable link between philosophy and method in phenomenology, an attempt is made to explore the philosophical foundations of hermeneutic phenomenology and to trace this link in the research process. Accordingly, we first refer to the historical contexts of the emergence of phenomenology, and clarify the relationship between hermeneutic phenomenology and descriptive phenomenology, then Through the discussion of the views of Heidegger and Gadamer, it is shown that philosophical foundations in the method of hermeneutic phenomenology play an active role throughout the research process and give structure and direction to how we deal with issues and problems in research. Openness to the phenomenon and being in constant dialogue with it, is the most important feature of this method that as a praxis, from the moment of choosing the subject and encountering the research literature and theories to collecting and analyzing data and writing the research, it is always present and guides in the research

The need to offer a hermeneutic theory about the interpretation of the sacred scriptures is of great importance. In response to the inappropriate interpretations of the Bible, Baruch Spinoza, the Jewish theologian and philosopher, tried to give in a hermeneutic theory. In this article, first his hermeneutic theory is explained based on the role of the four main components of author, interpreter, text, and method and with reference to the works of Spinoza. Then, pointing out the difficulties of Spinoza’s theory from his own viewpoint, his theory is compared to the traditional, modern, and postmodern approaches of hermeneutics. In this evaluation, although Spinoza’s hermeneutic theory is classified as a traditional hermeneutic theory, it is shown that he has moved away from the traditional readings before him and has paved the way for the modern hermeneutic to some extent. Spinoza’s attention to the effect of the interpreter’s awareness of the context, beliefs, and the viewpoints of the authors of the Bible in the process of interpretation is among the positive points of his theory. However, some components of his theory such as the attribution of non-realism to the Biblical text, the recommendation to remove the viewpoints and beliefs of the interpreter, the sufficiency of understanding the Bible based on its epistemic principle, and the ignorance of many Biblical teachings cannot be defended.

One of the most strategic decisions of Imam Ali (AS) during the era of the Islamic Caliphate (35-40 AH) before the beginning of the wars of the said period, was the strategy of peace and reconciliation with factions and opposition groups of his time.This paper aims to examine the veiled semantic layers of the text based on the approach of hermeneutic analysis of German theologian Friedrich Schleiermacher according to Sermon 40 of Nahj-al Balaghah.The basis of the author-centered hermeneutic approach and research methods in understanding the leading texts (non-revelatory sacred religious texts such as the Nahj-al Balaghah) is based on the principle that by applying two paradigms of grammatical and psychological interpretations deal with the hermeneutic reading and scientific scrutiny of the strategy of peace and reconciliation in the practical biography of Imam Ali (AS) and answers the question of how this strategy relates to peace in the hermeneutic reading of Sermon 40 of Nahj-al Balaghah with its historical narratives. According to the available data, the category of peace and reconciliation has a very practical and obvious manifestation in Imam’s theoretical and practical biography, the implications of which are exposed in the article.One of the results of applying the theoretical framework of the stated method is that in Sermon 40 the novelty of Ali’s (AS) way of thinking regarding peace and reconciliation is emphasized and leading the society towards security and tranquility in critical social conditions is a category that Alavi discourse takes the lead.The expert audience, in the process of reading the text, is guided to ascertain the semantic layers below the text and it seems that the analysis of the semantic infrastructure of Sermon 40 from the context of grammatical and psychological interpretation paradigm in author-centered hermeneutics, can express the spirit and judgment of the Imam and his comprehensive antidote personality. He is both a hero of peace as well as of war, he makes and maintains peace as long as the Muslim community is secured, and that tranquility and dignity prevails in the society. He fights as long as it is proven that the discourse of peace has become slow.

Mirdamad is philosopher, mystic, theologian, scholar, and jurisprudent of the 11th century AH. He lived in the Golden period of the Safavid dynasty and he had a Popular school in Isfahan. Though few works remain of him, however the study of these documents helps us to understand the interpretive and interpretative methods of Muslims. Mirdamad As a jurisprudent Understands the text On the apparent meaning of the words and His goal is to discover the purpose of the author of the text. On the other hand, his philosophical beliefs and mystical sentiment force him to move out of the circle of the text and make a Interpretation based on paraphrase (Tawil). Mirdamad, as a philosopher, attaches great importance to philosophical thought. If the text is consistent with its philosophical thought, it interprets the text in that framework and if he is not compatible, he carries his philosophical thought as an intellectual and transcendental case on the text. He sees the text as a sign of meaning in philosophical thought, and of course this "indication" does not depend on verifying the appearance of the word. Mirdamad interpretations and interpretations of texts are also excluded from the field of philosophical thinking and based on mystical acquiescence; what is not in the sense of words is not based on the symbols inside and outside the text, it is not based on philosophical and theologycal evidence. By mention examples of Mirdamad books, this diversity is analyzed in his interpretive method. Mirdamad's way of interpreting the text shows a range of interpretations in Muslim scholars. Additionally, Mirdamad has also studied the concept of understanding in his works that in these studies, he has approached to Philosophical Hermeneutics. In his view, meanings are like gemstones in the depths of the ocean, The intelligent mind is to extract these treasures. Mirdamad does not consider the interpretive mind as passive, but sees it as active. He knows the mind as the cultivator that brings up the seeds of the text and cultivates the product. So Understanding is not just about the text, but the understanding of each person is proportional to himself.

This quest for this hermeneutic inquiry focuses on the meaning of life on the experience of those who have chosen the tomb of the unknown martyrs as a place of tourism and pilgrimage. . The present study is based on the qualitative method and using the interview technique and documentation of the living experience in the field of field, a conventional analysis has been used to analyze the findings. The results show that the establishment of the martyrs' tomb in the uprisings of the light hill in Jamshidieh Park of Tehran has a semantic system and a cultural syndrome, indicating an indissoluble link between man, mountain, nature and sacred spirituality from tourism. In terms of metaphorical metaphor, birding is a natural upward movement, and during the path of birding, a sense of excellence in humans is created and inner vitality is created. The pilgrim's motivation for respondents includes nine main themes: "achieving inner peace", "natural stretching and the motive for moving away from the city, " "reuniting with the martyrs, " "resorting to", "commitment and feeling of religion, " "modeling from The character of the martyrs ", " pain and appreciation ", " sense of coherence "and" sense of self-interest ".

Mencius is one of the most important master philosophers in the Chinese paradigm and the Confucian tradition, and the article analyzes his philosophizing about politics based on Skinner's hermeneutic method. He is both an interpreter of Confucius and an independent theorist and philosopher in the fields of society. Based on this, in response to the question of what is the political philosophizing of Mencius, the hypothesis of the article considers four hermeneutic processes and considering the influence of mental contexts on the one hand and objective contexts on the other hand, the conventional norms of Mencius' time, including those in favor and against takes into account The favorable norms are in the Confucian school, and the traditional opposing norms are crystallized in Taoist, Mohist and legalist political philosophy. Then, the article imagines and analyzes Mencius' occupations in those norms and observes and expresses Mencius's political philosophizing through it. Based on this process, his affirmative and negative possessions in the conventional norms can be seen in the promise of the legitimacy of the two bases of heaven and earth, the right of revolution, the fusion of ethics and politics, the utopia based on the rule of Hakim-Shahriar, and an educated, virtuous and prosperous nation. Worldly and spiritual progress, meritocracy, political and social justice and peace are received.

Rafael Capurro defines the concept of information from a philosophical standpoint. At the first step, he criticizes the subjectivist presumptions of information science that derive from subject-object dichotomy in modem thought. As an alternative, Capurro suggests hermeneutic conception of information, based on the works of Heidegger and Gadamer. He attempts to define information in terms of existential practices of living. From this viewpoint, information is defined as an existential dimension of being-in-the-world-with-others, i.e., articulation of Dasein's pragmatic understanding of thematically and situationally shared world. Based on this hermeneutical view, Capurro theorizes about hermeneutic-rhetoric as well as formal methodologic aspects of information science.